Saturday, December 28, 2019

Essay on Racial Profiling by Law Enforcement is Not Justified

When we are children we are taught not to judge a book by its cover, for most of us this is easier said than done. Racial profiling is something that affects millions of people in the United States alone. Seemingly innocent people are being targeted solely by the color of their skin and their nationality. Whether racial profiling somebody is appropriate or not is a topic widely discussed by individuals everywhere. The question is however, is it right to judge somebody just because they look different then you? I think not. As a nation we grow up watching television shows and movies that instigate people of another race are bad or tend to get into more trouble. Whether it is an African- American man who is completing a drug deal in the†¦show more content†¦They were completing an experiment in which three young Caucasian boys were seen vandalizing a vehicle in a busy park. The experiment was to see how much of a reaction these particular boys would get from people passing by and if anybody would step in or call the authorities. Only one person out of approximately thirty who witnessed the activities contacted the police. When the Caucasian boys were then replaced with those who were of African - American descent, nearly everybody jumped into action and confronted the boys in an attempt to stop them or they ended up calling the police. When the host appeared and asked if the reason the people witnessing the activity stepped in was because of the color of the skin, many of the bystanders stated they would have responded the same way regardless of the color of the teen’s skin. It’s interesting that’s not what the undercover camera crew captured. One of the most frequent cases of racial profiling would have to take place in our nation’s airports. The airport security teams have a tendency of targeting those whose ethnic background is not of Caucasian descent. In recent years, you cannot even take a trip with your family without running the risk of having an obtrusive body scan or being patted down by a complete stranger if they are wary of your nationality. All while Little Johnny and Suzy Smith are welcome to continue on with their tripShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling And Its Impact On America1613 Words   |  7 PagesKarthik Reddy Mr. Cicoria Rhetoric, Composition Literature-6 27 January 2016 Racial Profiling in America Post 9/11, racial profiling exhibited by law enforcement not only to my race but other minorities in America has been unacceptable and can be rectified by establishing better and more efficient security procedures in airports that are not tied to or based upon race. The significance of national security is of great importance as we, members of a civilized society, are in an age where our peaceRead MoreRacial Profiling1321 Words   |  6 PagesANALYSIS OF â€Å"RACIAL PROFILING AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE† 1 Analysis of â€Å"Racial Profiling and Criminal Justice† Domenica Martinez Colorado Mesa University ANALYZING RACIAL PROFILING AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2 Research Question I chose to analyze article titled â€Å"Racial Profiling and Criminal Justice† which is written By Jesper Ryberg withinRead MoreRacism And Discrimination : America s Justice System1301 Words   |  6 Pagesabilities can be attributed to people simply on the basis of their race and that some racial groups are greater than others. When we are children, we are taught not to try a book by its cover, but for most of us this is easier said than done. Although, racism and discrimination is essential for any, but many of the United States downfalls, racial profiling is the correct term that occurs just as often. Racial profiling is a practice that targets people for suspicion based on their race, ethnicity, religionRead MoreIs Racial Profiling Justified?642 Words   |  3 PagesAn argument if racial profiling is justified Would you put your brother, sister mother or any other family in jail if the fit the profile of a perpetrator who committed a crime and is profiled by race or ethnicity? This same question roams around the psyche of every person on who need to solve a crime. But the bigger question in regard for racial profiling if it is justified. Racial profiling cannot be justified as it attacks the very root of society on which they are built. Two key issues centralRead MoreRacism Is Not As Cruel Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican-Americans or any minority of different racial groups face several challenges in their everyday life, like the difference in income, education, health, and criminal justice. This essay will outline the main problems of racism that still occur in the community of African-Americans, particularly focusing on racial profiling, shooting of unarmed black citizens and different criminal justice that has been unfairly justified. Racial profiling is the practice of law enforcement officers targeting individuals forRead More An Argument Against Racial Profiling Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesI dont want to talk about whether or not racial profiling is legal. Racial profiling is not an effective law enforcement tool. -- Eric Holder, 82nd Attorney General of the United States Before any argument can be made against racial profiling, it is important to understand what racial profiling is. The American Civil Liberties Union, defines racial profiling as the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individualsRead MoreRacial Profiling : A Festering Wound On Our Society1252 Words   |  6 Pagesoutrage of such racial profiling. Racial profiling is any use of race, religion, ethnicity, or national origin as a way to decide who should be investigated by law enforcement (Grabianowski 1). It is one of many controversial ways law enforcement profiles suspects. Since the time of Martin Luther King Jr., many claim that such conflict has ended eons ago, but the problem is still a festering wound on our society. Racial profiling causes citizens to distrust their law enforcement, is based on falseRead MoreRacial Profiling, An Unjust Act And A Big Problem1452 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the 11 Facts about Racial Discrimination, â€Å"The U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics concluded that an African American male born in 2001 has a 32% chance of going to jail in his lifetime, while a Latino male has a 17% chance, and a white male only has a 6% chance† (11 Facts about Racial Discrimination 1). Racial profiling, or discriminating against a whole group of people based on their race, is an unjust act and a big problem in our society today. Arresting people because of how they lookRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1465 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling Racial Profiling is just what it is. Targeting individuals for suspicion of a violation determined by the individual’s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. Race and location are the supreme characteristics law enforcement visually examine when engaging in this type of profiling. African-American males are the primary victims of racial profiling in the United States. The phrase â€Å"driving while black† derive from African Americans protesting that they are pulled over by policeRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Law Enforcements1418 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review This paper outlines the studies, incidents, facts and statistics that have found evidence of racial profiling which causes distrust in the law enforcements (police, government etc0. Studies of racial profiling shows that blacks, Hispanics, Middle Eastern and other racial minorities are more likely to be stopped than those who are white. They are more likely to be stopped and searches, traffic stops, license and registration checks. In addition they are more likely to be ticketed

Friday, December 20, 2019

Sports and Money - 1801 Words

Fatawu Mahama English H101 Prof. Kathleen Brady 14th November 2013 Sports Now a Business Sports is now a money making business in the human culture. In the United States, Every day millions of office and break time conversations center on the local team’s most recent performance, an upcoming game, the impending draft, the current coach, the future coach, and so on. according to the existing records, in United States of America, there are less than 110 Teams of the 4 main organized professional sports, basketball, baseball, hockey, and, football participating in the main League level fixtures annually. There are less than 90 Stadiums spread†¦show more content†¦There, excluding bonuses, USA TODAY found the average coachs salary is $1.4 million. Thats more than three times the average of $419,000 in the middle- to lower-echelon Conference USA, Mountain West, Western Athletic, Mid-American and Sun Belt. This is an empirical evidence that coaches now make millions in sports, both in professional sports and college sports. Sports has become a monetary attracting tool to schools involve in sports. Colleges involved in sports make huge sums of money from it, allowing them to extend their developmental infrastructures which attract government, private cooperation’s compensations and at a long run influence the admissions status of such schools. The University of Connecticut has doubled its admission level since it basketball team starts winning the national championship. This increase in the level of admissions will not only call for huge numbers of students but will attract all sort of national and international support to allow it manage this huge student numbers which interns will increase the school revenue. The University of Houston athletic department announced on the 3rd of October 2013, a record $504,000 in licensing royalties in 2012-13, it marks the first time the school athletic department has generated more than $500, 000 from the sale of athleticShow MoreRelatedDaily Fantasy Sports : Sports, Money, And A Lack Of Commitment1678 Words   |  7 Pagesdollar a year industry daily fantasy sports has exploded over the past decade. Millions of people enjoy playing fantasy sports every year. Daily fantasy sports is one of the most effective ways of bringing fans closer to the sports they love; well others use it to make big money. Comedian Jon Oliver Jokes, â€Å"Daily fantasy sports combine everything dudes love: sports, money, and a lack of commitment† (Oliver). Many people, like myself, had never heard of fantasy sports until just a few months ago. WhenRead MoreSports, Crime, And Money : Athletes Gone Wrong776 Words   |  4 Pages According to the article, â€Å"Sports, Crime, and Money: Athletes Gone Wrong†, written by Michael McCarthy with CNBC. Babe Ruth once said, â€Å"If it weren’t for baseball, I’d be in either a penitentiary or the cemetery.† Accessed on April 1, 2015 and Updated on August 19, 2013 Good Morning, My name is Emily Blaylock and today I want to discuss with you all professional athletes and domestic. I will go over the meaning and definition of domestic violence, views from sports leaders, and how domestic violenceRead MoreProfessional Athletes, Sports Cars, Mansions, And Money1961 Words   |  8 Pagesprofessional athletes, sports cars, mansions, and money all come to mind. What about after the pros? Most people would say that professional athletes are set for the rest of their lives with everything luxurious. In most cases, athletes are accustomed to the luxurious lifestyle and living for the moment while playing in the pros that they do not think of retirement and no longer receiving salary or comparable salary if securing alternative employment. So if they do not have money put away, whatever theyRead MoreHow Much Money Do College Sports Teams1365 Words   |  6 PagesHow much money do college sports teams bring in each year? How many endless hours of practice, do both the players and the coaches put in every week, so that they are prepared for the upcoming challenges in th e games to come? Throughout the decades, college sports have played a major role in people’s lives. Each sport requires athletes to have excellent physical skill and a competitive drive that urges them to win and succeed. The competition between schools continues to grow making the possibilityRead More Sports Stadiums: Turning Public Money into Private Profit Essay3646 Words   |  15 PagesSports Stadiums: Turning Public Money into Private Profit        Ã‚   Abstract:   The Stadium   construction boom continues, and taxpayers are being forced to pay for new high tech stadiums they don’t want.   These new stadiums create only part-time jobs.   Stadiums bring money in exclusively for professional leagues and not the communities.   The teams are turning public money into private profit.   Professional leagues are becoming extremely wealthy at the taxpayers expense.   The publicly-funded stadiumRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid For Their Participation1056 Words   |  5 Pagesshould get paid for their participation in a sport. I believe that college athlete should get paid. College athletes are taken advantage of in college athletics and deserve to be paid for their time, hard work, and dedication in a sport. College athletics are growing very fast and they are beginning to bring in more money. The highest revenue by a college right now is $196,030,398 by the University of Oregon. College athletes are no t seeing any of this money they are earning for their department. CollegeRead MoreThe Commercialisation of Sport Essay633 Words   |  3 Pagesof Sport The commercialisation of sport is not wholly beneficial as it has many disadvantages to it. Commercialisation is the promotion and development of a product as a business within a market place. This is done by the use of sponsorship, funding, selling, publicity and advertising within the media, which is all rooted from money. People invest in sport not only for the success that comes from it, but for the great deal of money that can be made in the sport businessRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1708 Words   |  7 Pagesjustifying spending additional amounts of money on collegiate sports, as well as the players, has become a very hot pressed topic in which the collegiate athlete is losing out on much of the money generated by their performances either on the field or the court. Because many of these players help bring in money to the university, they believe that a portion of that money should be given back to them. Millions of dollars are made each year in collegiate sports but few of those dollars have been givenRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1110 Words   |  5 Pagesjust a very tiny portion of the amount of money the NCAA earns in revenue each year from 23 different sports and over 150 universities. On the other hand, the players competing for these titles will earn no money whatsoever. Is this Fair? At first glance some may think it is not. Sure, these athletes are the cows truly bringing in the cash, but there are many compelling reasons why the college athlete is not and should not be paid. The facts are that the money earned from the NCAA is redistributed toRead More Should College Athletes be Paid? Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s society, one of the big controversies with sports is, should student athletes be be paid a salary? Some people believe that they should be paid and others would completely disagree. Even though they technically are being paid, they really are not. The only type of way the athletes would be paid is through financial aid or if they have a job. Only their education is being paid by the school. Although some people believe that they should be paid, it would not be a good idea at all.

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Magic Dust in China

Question: Describe the Methodology, Data Finding, Marketing strategy and pricing strategy of magic dust in China? Answer: Problem statement Magic Dust decided to enter China but there are plenty of complications associated so that they can survive in the new market. Few of the problems that need to be sorted so that the company can settle in the new country are as follows: 1. Marketing strategy to attract the potential clients. 2. Organizational structure so that the employees in the organization are aware of their reporting authority and this will help the work to flow appropriately to the client. 3. Control system so that the management is aware of the quality the employees are delivering to the client and at the same time, the employees shouldnt compromise on the quality that is being served to the clients. Introduction The management of Magic Dust has decided to enter China through Joint Venture but that doesnt ensure that the organization will be a success in Chinese market. An appropriate marketing strategy should be implemented so that potential target market is aware of the presence of Magic dust. This will help more and more customers to opt for Magic Dust over the other companies which are present in the market. The organizational structure should be in place and a new organizational structure will have be decided as the organizational structure in the parent country will not be considered to be appropriate in the host country. Appropriate control systems will be put in place so that the management of the organization can track the various activities that are undertaken by the employees and this will also help the organization to satisfy the clients. It is very important to deliver the quality that the client is expecting so that they can refer the company to other clients who may be willing to develop their own website. Initially, marketing, organizational structure and also the control systems may seem to be a difficult task but with time, the management and the employees will be in sync with that of each other. Methodology The complete data for the completion of project is based on secondary data that was collected. The secondary data was collected to understand the attitude of people towards the website development company. A lot of research on the existing website development companies so that Magic Dust can follow the same rather than trying something new which may fail. Journal, newspaper articles, internet articles and websites have been used to complete this research. Data Findings Magic Dust needs to understand that the Chinese market is different than the Australian market and hence, the strategies that will be used by the management to attract the Chinese customers will also be different than that of each other. The organizational structure, control systems, pricing strategy and also the marketing strategy in China needs to be changed so that the organization can reach the right people. This will help the organization to have good hold over the business. Few of the strategies that will be used by Magic Dust so that they can survive in the competitive market are described below. Marketing strategy of Magic Dust in China It is very important for the organization to look for ways by which they can attract the potential customers rather than that of believing that the customers will come automatically to them. Few of the marketing strategies that will be used by Magic Dust in Chinese market so that they can attract the customers over there are described below. Developing websites on Joomla and Wordpress was a trend in the past but that is not the case anymore. The usage of Joomla and Wordpress technology is so easy that business themselves are doing it (How to make a website, 2013). Magic Dust should advertise technologies like Drupal and Zend so that the customers can be rest assured that these technologies will make the website look better. Drupal and Zend are technologies that are more oriented towards the security of the website (Madhavaram 2014). These technologies are popular so Magic Dust can offer these services to the customers at an affordable price and also the turnaround time should be lesser than what the other website development companies offer. This company can have readymade templates so that the customers can come and check on the template that they like and implement the same on their website. The customers in China will be very cost conscious and hence, Magic Dust will have to look for ways by which the cost of service offering can be reduced (Shaw 2012). The organization should have at least 8-9 sales professionals. This will help the organization to perform better. The sales professionals should keep a track of the market regarding the people who are willing to develop their website. The sales executives should meet up with the businesses and explain them the advantages of having a website. Most of the businesses may not be even having a website so it is the responsibility of the sales professionals to persuade the business managers to have a website so that their business can flourish (Constantin 2011). All the communication between the client and the sales executive should be documented so that the business can deliver the clients expectation. Apart from that, the sales executives should also be in touch with the old clients. The old clients will help the sales team with references of their friends and relatives who may be willing to develop their own website (Hui 2012). The Chinese market for the internet is growing and hence, Ma gic Dust can establish itself. The data below will explain the growing market of internet users. (Them 2012) The presence of Magic Dust in the Chinese market should be known to the potential customers. If the potential customers arent aware of the presence of the presence of Magic Dust in the Chinese market then the customers may not even think of being with Magic Dust. Magic Dust is a very new company in the Chinese market and hence, they will have to put in efforts to make the potential market aware of what they can do and what they have done (Akramov 2013). In the advertisements, Magic Dust should place the achievements that the company has. The company can talk about their presence in Australia. They can also include the name of few of the customers who were very satisfied with the work delivered (Dolgui 2010). Magic Dust can place banners near the business parks wherein plenty of company are already present. This will help the businesses to be aware of the presence of a website development company called Magic Dust. The sales executive can also check on the internet regarding the businesses that are present on the internet and the businesses which doesnt have their website. The sales executives can also check the goodness of the websites which are present on the internet. Accordingly, the sales executives can visit the business owners and inform them about the improvement that can be made in their website (Sreedhar 2014). Pricing strategy of Magic Dust The pricing strategy of Magic dust should be planned in advance so that the company can be rest assured that they are paying for what they are getting. If the customers feel that they are charged more than what they are receiving then they may look for some other service. Few of the considerations that would help the company to have a good pricing strategy are discussed below. To initially attract the customer, costing needs to be considered. It is very important to offer services at a low price so that the quality of the service can be known to the customers. Once Magic Dust establishes itself as a company that can be trusted, they can increase the pricing. The pricing of the company needs to be changed frequently so that the customers are happy (Wind 2013). If a customer is willing to buy a readily available template then the pricing would be different than that of the website wherein the client wants the new website to be developed completely. Similarly, the first time client can be offered a low price while if the customer comes for the second time then the price can be increased a bit, as compared to the first time. The second time client will be aware of the quality that they can expect and hence, they will be willing to pay more (Tiller 2012). It is very important for the organization to track the fixed cost that would be associated with producing the website. Magic Dust will have to charge the client on the basis of graphic designer, web developer and also the web designers salary. If the website is small then only three people will be working on the website but if the number of pages in the website is high then the number of web developers and web designers will increase and hence, accordingly, the price of developing a website will also increase or reduce (Mohr 2001). The competition in the business will also have to be considered. If the number of website development companies in China is very high then the pricing of Magic Dust cannot be raised after a certain limit. It is highly recommended that Magic Dust should price their services as per their international market pricing because website development business can be outsourced in international market as well and hence, it is highly recommended to have competitive pricing (Gullstrand 2014). Initially Magic Dust will look for ways by which they can attract the potential customers rather than that of revenue generation or profit maximization. Initially the pricing strategy of the company should be such that the customers are excited to try their services rather than that of giving a second thought over the price at which the services are offered. During the initial stages, the customer can also be offered a good discount so that they are willing to try their luck with the company (Wittman 2014). Magic Dust can charge the customer only for the cost that they are incurring. The company can decide on the cost of the service based on the rent that they are paying, the salary of developers and designers and other expenses. This will help the company to avoid losses and at the same time, they customer will also get the best possible thing at a cheaper price. This will help the company to build a customer base (Ellickson 2008). Organizational structure Magic Dust should have a Functional structure so that the tasks of each team can be assigned and completed in accordance with the requirements of the clients. A detailed description of the structure that will be used in Magic Dust is described below. The organization will start with a team for the graphic designers. The team of graphic designer will work together and they will all be reported to the graphic design lead. The second team will be web developers team. The web developers will be reporting to senior tech lead in the organization. In the web developers team, there will be plenty of sub-teams like the Drupal team, Zend team and the codeignitor team. This will help the organization to specialize in the technologies that they will be offering to the customers. Each team will be have being a tech lead and all teach leads which be reporting to senior tech lead. The third team in the organization would consist of web designers (Pimentel 2010). The web designers in the organization will be reporting to web designer team leader. All the team leaders and the tech leaders in the organization will be reporting to project manager. The project manager will assign tasks to the team depending on the requirement of the client. The cli ent co-ordination will be taken care by the delivery head. This will help the organization to be better and competitive. The delivery head will report to the management regarding the status of the project and also the problem areas so that the structure of the organization can be changed accordingly (Verle 2014). The functional structure will be beneficial for the organization as this will help the employees in the organization to co-ordinate and at the same time, the learning will be more. The managers will also be specialized in designing and development and hence, it becomes easy for the team to improve their efficiency. The duplication of efforts will be reduced. If a client was Jquery to be implemented in their page then the developers will be aware if some other client has asked for the same in the past. If yes then the same will be implemented again and hence, the repetitive nature of work will be reduced (Rust 2004). Training is one of the biggest advantages that the team members can get. Based on the requirements of the project, the team members can be trained on various technologies. The training responsibility will be taken care by the team leads and the tech leads in the organization and hence, the trainers will also be immediately available to meet with the requirements of the cl ient. Team work will be easily achieved (Saeed 2012). Control systems at Magic Dust It is very important for Magic Dust to have appropriate controls in place as this will help the organization to be better. Without the control systems, it is merely impossible for the organization to deliver the results as expected by the client. Few of the control systems that will be in place at Magic Dust are described below. It is very important for the organization to have IT systems. It is the responsibility of the various teams at Magic Dust to have appropriate systems so that they can update the status of the project on the portal. The portal should be accessible to the client so that the client can be aware of what is expected from the team. The team can update the work that has been done. This will help the client, team and the management to be connected with each other (Hamed 2010). The organization should also have a control system in place to keep a track on the financial status of the organization. An appropriate tool for measuring the financial ratios of the company should be in place. If the financial ratios goes up or down than that of the required ratio then an indication needs to be sent to the finance team and also to the management so that appropriate actions can be taken at the earliest (Pondeville 2013). Direct supervision is also one of the controls that the management should have over the employees in the organization. The team leaders in the organization should supervise the work that is delivered. This will help the employees to perform better. The team leaders in the organization should know how to control and let the employees have their space so that the team members arent frustrated with the excess control over them (Mamoon 2013). Conclusion Magic Dust is completely new in the China market and hence, they should try and understand the market that will be willing to buy services from them. China is lot of business opportunities but the number of competitors in the Chinese market is also very high (Doing Business in China Guide 2013). Appropriate marketing strategies will have to be implemented so that the potential market is attracted to be associated with Magic Dust. The pricing strategy should also be planned so that the potential customers dont feel that they can get the same service at a cheaper price. References Akramov, T, 2013, MarketingStrategy: Concepts And Implication, European Journal of business and economics, Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 109-117 Constantin, P, 2011, The CR-MarketingStrategy, Odius University, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1769-1771 Dolgui, A, 2010, Pricingstrategiesand models, Annual Reviews in Control, Vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 101-110 Ellickson, P, 2008, Repositioning dynamics andpricingstrategy, Journal of marketing research, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 750-772 Gullstrand, J, 2014, Markups and export-pricingstrategies, Review of World Economics, Vol. 150, no. 2, pp. 221-239 Hamed, A, 2010, ManagementControlSystem, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 193-206 Hui. E, 2012, Marketing time andpricingstrategy, The Journal of real estate research, Vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 375-398 Madhavaram, S, 2014, Relationshipmarketingstrategy: an operant resource perspective, Journal of business and industrial marketing, Vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 275-283 Mamoon, Z, 2013, ManagementControlSystem- MBO, International Journal business and Management, Vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 82-87 Mohr, L, 2001, OrganizationalTechnology andOrganizationalStructure, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 444-459 Pimentel, D, 2010, Managementcontrolsystems: universal practices or national practices?, Critical perspectives on international business, Vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 190-207 Pondeville, S, 2013, Environmentalmanagementcontrolsystems: the role of contextual and strategic factors, Management accounting research, Vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 317-332 Rust, R, 2004, Return onMarketing: Using Customer Equity to FocusMarketing Strategy, Journal of marketing, Vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 109-127 Shaw, E, 2012, Marketingstrategy: From the origin of the concept to the development of a conceptual framework, Journal of historical research in marketing, Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 30-55 Sreedhar, M, 2014, Relationshipmarketingstrategy: an operant resource perspective, The journal of business industrial marketing, Vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 275-283 Saeed, R, 2012, Relationship betweenOrganizationalStructureandOrganizational Alienation, Vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 188 Tiller, S, 2012, OrganizationalStructureand Management Systems, Leadership and Management in Engineering, Vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 20-23 Verle, K, 2014, Managerial competencies andorganizationalstructures, Vol. 114, no. 6, pp. 922-935 Wittman, D, 2014, Strategic behavior andorganizationalstructurein religions, British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 44, No. pp. 717 Wind, Y, 2013, Marketingstrategy: new directions for theory and research, Journal of marketing, Vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 12-25 How to make a website, 2013, Wordpress VS Joomla VS Drupal, Viewed on January 16, 2015, https://websitesetup.org/cms-comparison-wordpress-vs-joomla-drupal/ Doing Business in China Guide, 2013, China Overview, Viewed on January 16, 2015, https://www.china.doingbusinessguide.co.uk/ Them, 2012, China Search Engine Market: Google Still Declining, Viewed on January 23, 2015, https://www.them.pro/China-Search-Engine-Market-Google-Still-Declining

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

SWOT Analysis Targeting

Question: Write an essay on Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. Answer: 1. Marketing Analysis SWOT analysis: Strength Strong brand name with huge brand loyalty Burger King markets a number of burgers that is in general not obtainable in all other snack food restaurant ("BURGER KING" 2016) Product differentiation strategy is followed to large extent Growth model followed by the company is not capital intensive Strong brand equity in different fast food eatery house Weakness Burger King provides high fat as well as high calorie food products that is not considered to be good especially for the health conscious people Burger King follows the franchise administration Burger King does not publicize and advertise the food products the way its rivals do Burger King has lower competition appeal Opportunity Introduction of the system of home delivery Expansion of business through the opening of new branches as well as outlets in different growing economies that include Indi, China, Malaysia as well as Singapore Business expansion in the Asian market Product upgrading, tailoring the products according to the tastes as well as preference of the consumers across the world ("BURGER KING", 2016) Threat Threat of other eateries Health consciousness among people Rise in the costs of the food costs higher than the normal inflation Scattered nature of the marketing campaign that essentially concentrates on the KING nature of the products Decline in the total market share ("BURGER KING", 2016) Greater concentration in the market of US as well as Canada 2. Description of the segments and groups of customers targeted and positioning Segmentation Variables: Geographic the process of geographic segmentation refers to the division or categorization of the market of the market according to the nations, regions as well as cities (Paliwoda et al., 2012). The geographic segmentation of the Burger King can be carried out using the Tapestry segmentation. Burger King with more than 12,500 stores all over the globe, it is regarded as the most accepted hamburger franchises throughout the world (Allison, 2012). However, more than 27% of the USA populace has accessed the Burger King in the preceding 6 months. Again, not a single area of the nation appears to control the visits, although consumers residing in the mid-west as well as east have a propensity to frequently visit the eatery all together more than individuals staying in the west frequently do ("BURGER KING", 2016). As McDonalds and KFC dominate the entire fast food market of Singapore, Burger King is just after them with a total share of 9.40% of the overall market (Chernev, 2012). However, the market share of McDonalds is 20.60% whereas the market share of KFC in Singapore is 27% (BURGER KING, 2016). Therefore, the geographic segmentation can help in understanding the placement strategy of the product that can help in gaining greater share of the market eventually (Clow Baack 2012). For example, the fast food chain of Burger King divides the market into different segments and perform micromarketing by introducing products like rendang burgers in Singapore as well as Malaysia as the local palates primarily prefers spicy food (BURGER KING. 2016). Demographic The demographic segmentation refers to the division of the market of the company based on the age, size of the household and the lifecycle (Kotler Keller, 2012). Burger King counts the children as well as the youth belonging to the middle as well as the upper class market segments. Psychographics Psychographics segmentation refers to the process of division of the market founded on the social class, changing lifestyles as well as personality of the target consumers (Clow Baack, 2012). The target segments of the Burger King refer to the individual who are willing to avail the hygienic as well as delicious non-customary meal at the eateries. The target group of the consumers of the Burger King counts the children as well as the youth belonging to the middle as well as the upper class market segments. However, the positioning strategy is that the company provides best burgers ("BURGER KING" 2016). Recommendations As for the geographic segmentation, the management of the Burger might take into consideration the regional differences in the different locations in which it operates and modify its products in order to meet up the tastes and preferences of the customers of diverse geographic segments. For example, the Burger Kings have different spicy offerings in the areas of SW. Elaborate market research can also help in understanding the important attributes that the customers belonging to different geographic segments might prefer. For the purpose of demographic segmentation, the company Burger king can also consider elaborate market research on the areas of age, gender, income, ethnicity, life cycle, religion as well as occupation of the population in the segments of the targeted market of Singapore. In addition to this, the management can also consider development of a market product grid and examine the size of the market. The household sizes can also help in modifying many of its offerings. The meal offerings in bulk can be offered in cases where the family sizes are large and distinct family offerings can be designed. The company primarily focuses on the youth and the teenagers and the young adults of Singapore. Therefore, it can proceed further to attract the health conscious consumers who try to avoid the fast food by means of introducing healthy foods such as salads, desserts among many others. The wellness category of food products are growing at a great speed throughout the world and the management ca n design products to tap that market. In particular, the Singapore Government is also active in motivating healthy living and correspondingly the Singaporeans are also becoming increasingly health conscious. The psychographic segmentation of the target market refers to the process of segregating the activities, interests, opinions, values, attitudes as well as lifestyle of the consumers. The aged people are considerably more health conscious and tend to spend less on the fast food. However, the people in the generation Y are adept to using technologies and have grown up with credit cards and are used to the fast pace of life. The company can try to broaden the base of the customers by developing products that appeal to different generations. Apps for the online orders can appeal to the internet savvy youngsters while the availability of the local retail company outlets might help the seniors. In addition to this, the lifestyle of the people also depends on the economy of Singaporean market in which the company operates. The nation faces high rate of inflation that is around 6.5% that in turn affects the purchasing power of the individuals. Therefore, analysis of the lifestyle and attitud e of the consumers can help in framing appropriate marketing strategies. The management of Burger King can explore the idea of segmentation based on the profitability, similarity of needs of different prospective purchasers; assess the difference in needs in different segments. The segmentation process might also include the process of segregating the marketing actions that are required for targeting different segments and broadening the market bases. Therefore, an appropriate segmentation might help the management to gain competitive advantage in the market. A perceptual mapping can also help the management to analyze the competitive position of the company in the market and redesign its strategy for segmentation targeting and positioning. Marketing Mix Description of the current marketing mix activities (4Ps) used by () and chosen product line Food Strategy Burger King operates as a quick service restaurant business focusing on burgers as its main product. The Apart from this, the food strategy of the company sets different organizational outputs to the target segment of the market that comprises of the product lines that includes theBurgers Fish as well as Chicken Salads as well as veggies Different beverages, sweets as well as desserts ("BURGER KING Burgers, Chicken, Salads, Breakfast and Sides", 2016) However, the management of Burger King also has quietly a released a new offering that is a single item, namely, the Burger King Classic grilled dog. Aside from different product, lines of Burger King can offer the alternative of grilled hot dog. Even in the era of great health awareness, the management of the company conceived the idea of launching the hot dog that is essentially a junk item. Therefore, this product serves the need of the classic junk market. The rationale behind launching this hot dog is that the management of the company consider hot dog to be the most traditional fast food that can attract more of the core fast food customers. Pricing Strategy The pricing strategy of Burger King is primarily founded on the companys generic policy of cost leadership that helps in both minimizations of costs as well as prices. However, the primary pricing stratagem of Burger king is to use the market oriented pricing strategy based on the prevailing conditions of the market (Chernev, 2012). However, the secondary policy of pricing of the company is to use the bundle-pricing stratagem whereby customers can purchase value meals as well as kids food at bundle prices and that can be more reasonable than purchasing food items singly. For example, the management of Burger King has also framed the policy of market oriented pricing structure for grilled hot dog in the market of Singapore. Proper procurement of the raw materials and in-housing process of sourcing can help in reducing the overall cost of production. Therefore, the management of Burger King thus by means of cost effective ways of process of production can charge lesser price for the ne wly introduced product that is the grilled hot dog. Promotion Strategy The management of Burger king deploys different tactics for promoting its products through advertisement, sales promotions, personal selling as well as enhanced public relations. Burger King advertises its products online, on television as well as print media (Chernev, 2012). Furthermore, the company Burger King employs sales promotions by way of distribution of different types of coupons as well as supplementary offers all the way through its official website along with mobile applications. The restaurant personnel of the company Burger King also classically uses personal selling to persuade customers to purchase more products. in addition tothis, the company also applies public relation strategy where Burger King McLamore Foundation provides scholarship along with financial support for different educational agenda, thus in effect promotes as well as strengthens the brand name of Burger King. However, for promoting the newly introduced product grilled hot dog that lies primarily in the classic junk segment can be promoted effectively by the innovative promotional strategies keeping in mind the targeted core fast food consumers. Placement Strategy The management of Burger King makes its products available at different restaurants across the world. It has set the strategy of transacting with the customers by distributing its products through restaurants, mobile applications as well as websites for deliveries (Clow Baack, 2012). Recommendations The company Burger king concentrates more on the market of US and Canada although it operates in 65 nations and this concentration of operations has increased the exposure of the company to different adverse local facets that includes unfavorable economic conditions, alterations in regulations among many others. Therefore, the company can decrease the concentrated operation in the markets of US and Canada and explore the Asian markets for potential expansion. Again, the company can development its products that primarily features six different items and cater to the needs of the health conscious people as well. Furthermore, the company can also decrease the number of underperforming retail outlets. Therefore, the analysis of the placement strategy (Place) management of the company can help to reconsider the placement strategy and explore more emerging market for expansion of the market base. In addition to his, the existing outlets of Burger King in Singapore can be revamped with mor e concentration on outlets located in definite areas having higher concentration of kids. The proposed areas of placement can be Yishun Central, Tampines Central, West Coast Park and many others. Again, the management can enhance the promotion strategy by introducing premium toys, push strategy as well as distribution of coupons. The promotional program can use banners, road shows among many others. The banners outside the outlets can generate awareness among the consumers. A road show around Singapore especially in the shopping mall zone or else the MRT stations at a stretch for two or three months can also develop the promotional programs of the company. The analysis of the food product strategy (product) also reflects the fact that the management of the company can also consider improving the breakfast menu by introducing healthier food options for the health conscious people who try to avoid unhealthy junk food options. . However, the company can maintain the policy of cost lead ership and offer products at affordable prices and apply the secondary pricing policy of bundle pricing for retaining existing market share and for gaining new ones. Based on the above analysis, it can be ascertained that for the future the management of the Burger King can focus more on international operations, expand the process of product differentiation and ensure that the effects of the promotional programs last for a longer period. A study on the branding strategy of Burger King reveals the fact that the management of the company focusing on the international expansions can consider framing a global brand positioning strategy by introducing new designs for packaging that comprises of retooled cups, wrappers, bags as well as containers while keeping the logo intact. Therefore the company might consider revamping the packaging for positioning brand worldwide. References BURGER KING Burgers, Chicken, Salads, Breakfast and Sides. (2016).BURGER KING. Retrieved 4 June 2016, from https://www.bk.com/menu BURGER KING. (2016).BURGER KING. Retrieved 4 June 2016, from https://www.bk.com Chernev, A. (2012).Strategic marketing management. [Chicago, Ill.]: Cerebellum Press. Clow, K. Baack, D. (2012).Cases in marketing management. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE. Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2012).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Paliwoda, S., Andrews, T., Chen, J. (2012).Marketing management in Asia. New York: Routledge.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Training and Development as Related To Human Resource Management

Introduction With the current trends in globalization and trade liberalization, organizations can nowadays afford practically every asset that is needed for optimal production. Due to this fact, employees have remained the most valuable assets that an organization can use in order to build a comparative advantage over rival firms in which ever sector the organization invests in.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training and Development as Related To Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People or employees in an organization are usually associated with the skills they possess; the only asset rivals cannot copy. As a result this has made the human resource management and their practices to be accepted as one of the major strategic levers to ensure that there is continued success within organizations (Smith, 2006). Training of company employees has received much accreditation from the management by designing training programs that seek to address the specifics of the organization, which then helps in ensuring that the services or the output is received in a way that the company reaps the maximum benefits. In designing these programs, the human resource department works very hard by assessing the needs for the training where the training is all that necessary or not. Training Needs Analysis In order to assess the training needs, the Human Resource (HR) department can decide to conduct an organizational analysis. It is preferred by many organizations since it takes into consideration the organization’s traditions, strategies and the general environment and how the training is likely to improve the business situation. The human resource can also perform the job or task analysis where training is usually done depending on the needs of that job. In order to improve the delivery of the job the skills and abilities an employee possesses are usually analyzed. The Human Reso urce can also train the employees depending on the required needs. Lastly, they can also conduct the employee analysis where the HR determines the current skills that the employee is in possession of and then train the employee depending on the expectations or the levels the employee should attain. Training and Evaluation There are several methods through which the Human Resource can train the employees in order to make sure the new training needs are delivered efficiently. Examples of the training methods include: A classroom setting where an instructor teaches or trains the employees by interacting with them. They can also use computer based training which incorporates the classroom training and Tele training. Organizations using computers to train the employees do so by introducing software which seeks to advance their skills. To make the training successful, the training objectives should be written properly in order to be able to decide on the contents, methodology and duration of tackling the needs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Based on the importance of training, the HR can either classify the training as technical or behavioral training whereby, the skills or the technical type focuses on providing the learning competencies related to the employee knowledge and skills while behavioral on the other hand ensures learning competencies related to the employee attitude and habits are learnt and adhered to. Evaluation is the last phase and it is usually concerned with the measurement of the training success or the effectiveness to establish whether an investment in a particular training has paid off. The effectiveness is based on the previous set objectives and results while considering the needs, methods, and the other areas of training administration. The valuation of the training program can be done depending on the reaction, learning, behavior al change and finally the impact to the society which measures the effect of the training on the unit where the trainees belong and on the entire organization (Edralin, 2004). Conclusion With employees becoming the most valuable asset a company or an organization can possess, it has thus become important for organizations to create effective and efficient work force in order to achieve the competitive edge over other organization. To make this possible, organizations have embarked on trainings that seek to perfect and introduce new skills to employees in order to ensure an organization remains a success and way above the others. Reference List Edralin, D.M. (2004). Training: A strategic HRM function. Vol.7, No.4. De La Salle University. Web. Smith A. (2006). Human Resource Practices for a Changing Environment. Web. This essay on Training and Development as Related To Human Resource Management was written and submitted by user Elianna Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

review of liar liar essays

review of liar liar essays Watching Liar, Liar was effective in showing how todays society lacks honesty. From changing around the facts to just blatantly lying, it showed how much lying is a prt of everyday life. In this movie, Fletcher Reede, played by Jim Carrey, uses lying to win his court cases. What makes him a good lawyer, makes him a bad father as Fletcher finds himself lying to everyone, even his own son Max. Almost every day, Fletcher would promise Max he would pick him up or come over. On Max birthday, Fletcher promised Max he would be at the party. Instead of going to his sons party, he was taking care of business back at his office. Of course, this eventually made such a negative impact on Max that he used his birthday wish to wish that for one day, his dad couldnt tell a lie. The wish actually came true and Fletcher was forced to tell the truth in all that he did. After finally realizing what had happened, he got used to telling the truth and he eventually used the truth to win a big case. During his shenanigans as a lawyer, he had finally realized that when he had twisted the truth and told Virginia Cole, his client, that she was the victim, he was wrong and jeopardized her childrens life with their father. Fletcher finally realized that Virginias ex-husband was a good father, he told the judge that just because he won the case doesnt mean it was right. The judge held Fletcher in contempt and he went to jail. His secretary bailed him out and he rushed to find Audrey and Max who had left for a plane to Boston. He was told that the plane was leaving and he hi-jacked a motorized staircase and he a ttempted to pull-over the plane to stop Audrey and Max from moving. By the time he got the plane to stop, Fletcher struck a barrier and was flying through the air. His son, Max, had come to see Fletcher and Fletcher expressed how he felt. Fletcher real...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Employment and Productivity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employment and Productivity - Essay Example Barriers to increased female participation include higher taxation rates (60% higher in Spain for women who are second income earners) and the lack of alternative child care options. The article suggests that there are potential advantages for increased female participation besides those already mentioned - such as lowered ratio of retired persons to working persons. Daly argues that women in sophisticated societies where they are not penalised by the tax rate and/or poor alternative child care facilities (such as Sweden) tend to have more children than women who live in societies where this is not the case. Interestingly of the countries surveyed Italy, Spain and Japan have fewer women in work than the others. This may be due to sociological rather than purely economical factors. All three countries have a reputation for putting family above consumerism. Whilst the arguments for increasing GDP make sense there is too little discussion of the social impact of more women going out to work. The truth is that working women tend to do two jobs - both as employees and as partners.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Marketing Communication and Branding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Communication and Branding - Assignment Example This essay demonstrates that advertisement poster is one of the most effective elements of integrated marketing communication. Keeping the objectives of the marketing communication for Travel worth in mind, certain posters can be prepared to use in the campaign planned by the company. The posters for the company would include an attractive message to catch the eyes of the viewer, which would help the company to get customers. The main objective of Travel worth is to obtain travelers for their adventure tours and in order to achieve it; the posters should contain certain facts about the adventure world and certain images related to fun in the tours. The tagline for the posters can be ‘Payless, Have more, Do more’, which would represent that the cost of the tour would be less, fun and adventure would be more. There should be certain schemes on the poster to attract the customers such as, ‘Be the first one to avail the discounts on the Tour, and be the last one to ava il the discounts on the Fun’. These lines would also attract the adventure lovers to avail the schemes offered by Travel worth. The poster should preferably be bright in colors such as yellow or red, which would easily catch the eyes of the customers. The poster should contain certain images of the previous tours arranged by the company and the experiences that the travelers had. All these factors would make the poster meaningful as well as effective for the company to attract the customers and grab their interests for the products offered by the particular company.... In relation to the mentioned objectives in question number one, it can be stated that the model would help to identify the situation, the crisis in the market, and it would also help to plan a campaign to attract new or existing customers. The model would help to take different strategies. To spread awareness about company and its existing Tour programs, the campaign will be effectively used as a strategic objective. In order to create a different image of the organization and to attract the consumers, a tactical approach will be taken by providing various schemes and discounts. In relation to existing situation of economic downturn the company can take a decision to propose certain discounts or sale to their customer, which would help them to acquire new travel lovers. In keeping with the strategic viewpoint, up gradation in the better news paper or in other media for advertisement of the company would be made and which would be implemented through the actions. Travelworth would get ample scope to maintain the sustainability with the help of IMC and SOSTAC model. In the period of downturn in the European economy the companies are basically fighting for the sustainability in the market, and to save the existing customers and the brand name. SOSTAC model would help Travelworth to be stable in the market and to gain new customers and revenue2. Question 3 Q.3. Advertisement poster is one of the most effective elements of integrated marketing communication. Keeping the objectives of the marketing communication for Travelworth in mind, certain posters can be prepared to use in the campaign planned by the company. The posters for the company would include an attractive message to catch the eyes of the viewer, which would help the company to get

Monday, November 18, 2019

Motivation and Performance Factors for Bombay Palace Essay

Motivation and Performance Factors for Bombay Palace - Essay Example ey feel with appraisal at work.questionaires were used so as to get feedback of the employees and this made the study less cumbersome for the researcher. This is important to note that was conducted in a span of month month so as to ensure that each and every staff was interviewed. Motivation of employee is one key issue that is facing every organization. It is the responsibility of every leader in an organisation to ensure employees are motivated and also create a very conducive environment for them in the workplace (Koontz 1993). Though an employee may be capable to perform his/her job description without motivation every human being needs to feel a little bit of appreciation as this will spur inner urge to work well in an organisation. It is this role of a leader that he has to ensure that his workforce is motivated and if not he should identify a strategy on how to make them moretivated as this will enable him achieve his organisational goals(Marginson 1986). Motivation cannot be understated as it is always a key ingredient to help an organisation in achieving its goals. Issuinig of instructions that are well and clealy friendly (Marginson 1986). A manager first has to understand he has the right team and after it is when he should ensure that the team is motivated so as to keep the focus on objective goals.The role to motivate employees depends on very different dimesions and they cannot be for one department like the human resource but the whole organisation.Itis thus important to understand all humans have different needs and may be motivated in different ways but one of the most important task is to ensure it is done (Alous 2002). Strong needs in directing and satisfying latent needs in employees harness them in a manner that is functional for the organization. For motivation to be successfully implemented the factors that trigger motivation should be identified and analysed properly.The goal here is to identify the causes of motivation and not the

Friday, November 15, 2019

Application Of Islamic Microfinance In Poverty Alleviation Economics Essay

Application Of Islamic Microfinance In Poverty Alleviation Economics Essay Poverty is one of the fundamental problems in developing countries. It is estimated that around 80 percent of the worlds population is living in countries where income distribution gap is widening. Poverty rate is quite high in all Muslim countries except a few countries in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Poverty levels have also been associated with high inequality alongside low productivity. Half of the Indonesia population (about 129 million) is living below the poverty line of $2 a day. While in South Asia two largest Muslim states Bangladesh and Pakistan alone account for 122 million each living below the poverty line where as 100 million Muslims of India is also living below the poverty line. (Source: Islamic Microfinance Development: Challenges and Initiatives, IRTI website, 2007) Microfinance is a part of financial services which includes not only credit facility but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers to facilitate low-income people. The World Bank estimates that there are over 7,000 microfinance institutions; serving some 16 million poor people in developing countries. The total cash turnover of MFIs world-wide is estimated at $2.5 billion and the potential for new growth is outstanding. (Source: Micro facts: Data Snapshots of Microcredit, Global Development Research Centre website, 2008-2009) The Microcredit Summit estimates that $21.6 billion is needed to provide microfinance to 100 million of the worlds poorest families. The Summit planners said it should be possible to raise US$2 billion from borrowers savings alone and the final figure may be even higher. (Source: Micro facts: Data Snapshots of Microcredit, Global Development Research Centre website, 2008-2009) Fewer than 10 million out of the 500 million people who run micro and small enterprises have access to financial support for their business and fewer than 2% of the poor people have access to financial services (credit and savings) from sources other than lenders. (Source: MICROFACTS: Data Snapshots of Microcredit, Global Development Research Centre website, 2008-2009) The supporters of microfinance believed that it will help in reducing poverty and the concept became more popular in 1974 when famine struck Bangladesh. At the time, Dr. Muhammad Yunus was a professor of economics at the University of Chittagong. He subsequently started Grameen Bank which has been a wonderful success with more than 90 percent recovery rate. (Source: Short history of Grameen Bank, Grameen Bank website, 2010) Studies have also shown that during an eight year period, among the poorest Bangladesh with no credit service of any type, only 4 % pulled themselves above. But with only individuals and families with credit from Grameen Bank, more than 48% rose above the poverty line. (Source: MICROFACTS: Data Snapshots of Microcredit, Global Development Research Centre website, 2008-2009) In Pakistan there are 25 Microfinance institutions with the total deposit of $52.3 million which covers 1.83 million of population out of total population of 174 million (Fehmeen, 2010). Pakistan is ranked 6th in terms of population with the labor force of 53.78 million as estimated for 2009. (Source: CIA world Fact book, Central Intelligence Agency website, no date) Figure 1: Unmet Demand for Microfinance in Pakistan from 2008-2009 Source: Microfinance Hub Website From the statistical figures of 2008-2009; it can be said that the population below the poverty line is 29,928,000 million which represents 17.2 % of the total population and the unemployed population is 26,448,000 which means 15.2% of the total population; that sums up to 32.4% out of the total population of Pakistan. These people need microfinance support to improve their living standard because the people living below the poverty line are not even able to get basic necessities of life (Fehmeen, 2010). In this regard, the Financial Inclusion Program (FIP) has been implemented by SBP with support of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), which aims to transform the financial market with a clear objective to provide equitable and efficient market-based financial services to the otherwise excluded poor and marginalized population including women and young people. FIP has developed an evidence based policy and a realistic target of reaching out to three million microfinance users by the end of 2010. (Source: Financial Inclusion Program, SBP, no date) Some facts about the outreach of Islamic Microfinance in different countries are mentioned in the Table 1. Region No. of Included Institutions % of Female clients (Avg.) Total no. of Clients Total Outstanding Loan Portfolio (US$) Avg. Loan Balance (US$) Afghanistan 4 22 53,011 10,347,029 162 Bahrain 1 N/A 323 96,565 299 Bangladesh 2 90 111,837 34,490,490 280 Indonesia 105 60 74,698 122,480,000 1,640 Jordon 1 80 1,481 1,619,909 1,094 Lebanon 1 50 26,000 22,500,000 865 Pakistan 1 40 6,069 746,904 123 West Bank and Gaza 1 100 132 145,485 1102 Saudi Arabia 1 86 7,000 586,667 84 Sudan 3 65 9,561 1,891,819 171 Syria 1 45 2,298 1,838,047 800 Yemen 3 58 7,031 840,240 146 Total 63 299,441 197,583,155 564Table 1: Outreach of Islamic Micro Finance by Country Source: CGAP Survey, 2007 Islamic finance is still in its introductory phase, but it has achieved double digit growth both in Pakistan and around the world. Some of the well known Islamic finance instruments are Murabaha (Sale Contract), Musharakah (Equity Participation), Mudarabah (Partnership), Ijarah (Lease Financing), Bay Muajjal (sale on Credit or deferred payment sale), Bay Salam (Deferred Delivery Sale) etc. 1.2 Problem Statement Interest based micro lending carries high interest rates and is impermissible in Islam; hence, this study strives to analyze how the mix of debt and equity based Islamic finance contracts be used in providing Islamic micro financial services in Pakistan which has more than one quarter people living below the poverty line and huge rural population. 1.3 Objectives of the study It will identify and analyze various instruments of Islamic microfinance that can eliminate poverty effectively than conventional micro financing. It will recognize and analyze the mix of debt and equity based Islamic finance contract; used in providing Islamic micro financial services in Pakistan. It will explore the scope of opportunities for Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. It will discover the challenges that Islamic microfinance could face in Pakistan. 1.4 Importance of the study This  study  highlights the importance of Islamic microfinance to help reduce poverty in Pakistan. As the poor are becoming poorer in Pakistan due to rising inflation and very limited sources of employment, this research will discuss how the Islamic microfinance could help in poverty alleviation, equitable redistribution and employment creation. 1.5 Research Methodology This research study will inquire that how far Islamic microfinance would be helpful in reducing poverty in Pakistan. To substantiate the case for microfinance; the study will analyze five major countries where microfinance is prevalent. Panel data on four variables which include per capita income, education which will be measured through literacy rate, poverty measured through percentage of population living below the poverty line and inequality measured through gini co-efficient will be taken from the selected five countries. The period of study will be different for each country starting from when microfinance started in particular countries to the current period. Secondly, the research will identify and analyze the mix of debt and equity based Islamic finance contract which could be used in providing Islamic micro financial services in Pakistan. For this purpose, specific entrepreneurial activities with investment requirements will be identified and then the ideal Islamic mode to be used in specific entrepreneurial activities with particular investment would be recommended. 1.6 Plan of the study This study consists of five phases. Work in each phase would be reported as a separate chapter. The first chapter of study will cover the introduction which includes the background of the study, Problem statement, Objectives of the study, importance of the study and scope of research. The second chapter will cover the literature review of will the academic and practical progress in Microfinance. The third chapter will discuss the research methodology i.e. the various tools and techniques that will be used to conduct research. The fourth chapter will include the data collection and findings obtained from the analysis of the data collected. The fifth chapter will comprise the research conclusion based on the findings. 1.7 Limits of the study This study on application of Islamic microfinance in poverty alleviation would be useful and provide experiential support to future studies on Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. There exist no full fledge Islamic microfinance bank in Pakistan. Hence, the models and instruments discussed have not been put into practice and empirical analysis of performance will be hard to make. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 What is Microfinance? According to Abedelhamid 1991 (p. 57-64). Microfinance is a set of financial services which provides loans to clients who are excluded from the traditional financial system on account of no or little collateral. In the third world countries, microfinance has become very popular because inflation tends to be high and volatile; government is often incompetent; and the necessary legal framework for financial services is often missing Microfinance is the provision of a broad range of financial services such as deposits, loans, payment services, money transfers, and insurance to poor and low-income households and, their microenterprises. Microfinance services are provided by three types of sources: Formal institutions, such as rural banks and cooperatives; Semiformal institutions, such as nongovernment organizations; and Informal sources such as money lenders and shopkeepers. Institutional microfinance is defined to include microfinance services provided by both formal and semiformal institutions. Microfinance institutions are defined as institutions whose major business is the provision of microfinance services. (Source: Finance for Poor: Microfinance development Strategy, ADB website, 2000) 2.2 History of Microfinance Microfinance history dates back to the mid of the 18th century when the philosopher Lysander Spooner was doing research on the advantages from small loans to entrepreneurs and farmers as a way to get people out of poverty. The economist Timothy Guinnane at Yale had been doing some research on Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen ´s village bank movement which started in 1864 in Germany and by the start of the year 1901 the bank reached 2 million rural farmers. As per Timothy Guinnane explanation it was proved that microcredit could pass the two tests concerning peoples payback moral and the possibility to provide the financial service to poor people. Today, the expression Microfinance has its roots in the 1970s when the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh was established. At that time a new span of microfinance initiatives introduced many new procedures into the sector. Pioneering enterprises started doing experiments with providing credits to the poor people. Increasingly, it was thought that people could be relied on for repayment of their borrowings and it is feasible to provide financial services to underserved people through market based enterprises without subsidy. In 1974, Shore bank was the first microfinance and community development bank founded in Chicago for the first time in USA. (Source: History of micro finance, Global envision website, 2006) Today the World Bank estimates that more than 16 million people are served by some 7000 microfinance institutions all over the world. CGAP experts suggested that about 500 million families benefits from these small loans making new business possible. (Source: Micro facts: Data Snapshots of Microcredit, Global Development Research Centre website, 2008-2009) 2.3 Present Situation and Growth of Microfinance The year 2008 is considered as the beginning of a challenging period for microfinance in a number of countries. The economic and financial crises that reached MFIs and their clients turned calm waters into rough shores for many institutions in the industry. The year 2009 MIX Global 100 Composite Ranking captures the effects of this changing environment, where global growth rates slowed for the first time in years, and many MFIs faced stagnant or rising costs, and in some in ­stances a slow rise in credit risk. Figure: 3 Growth Pattern of Microfinance in all continents Source: MIX Global website, 2009 The 2009 edition of the MIX Global 100, surveyed 955 institutions from nearly 100 countries as illustrated in Table 2. As a group, surveyed institutions represented nearly 85 percent of the known pool of microfinance borrow ­ers, serving 72 million borrowers with 37 billion USD in loans and holding 22 billion USD in deposits from 67 million microfinance clients (Source: MIX Global website, 2009). Table 2:2009 MIX Global 100 Composite Ranking Countries with Most MFIs in Top 100 Country MFIs in Top 100 All Ranked MFIs India 20 51 Ecuador 9 44 Egypt 6 12 Philippines 6 34 Bangladesh 5 9 Cambodia 5 13 Bolivia 4 22 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 13 Armenia 3 7 Mexico 3 27 Morocco 3 5 Dominican Republic 2 2 Jordan 2 6 Mongolia 2 4 Nepal 2 16 Peru 2 54 Serbia 2 4 Vietnam 2 5 Source: MIX Global website, 2009 Microfinance is assured as one of the tools that can decrease as well as eradicate poverty. According to Saefullah (2010) numbers of research have been conducted in order to measure the success of microfinance. The stories of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Indonesian People Bank) in Indonesia, Self-Help Group in India show the extent to which microfinance can eliminate poverty. Obaidullah (2008) has also done research that attempts to identify the glory of microfinance. Table: 3 Poverty Level and Financial Access in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Turkey Source: Islamic Microfinance Development: Challenges and Initiatives, 2008, IRTI, IDB Name of Member Counrty Human Poverty index Rank Income poverty Index Population Below Population in millions No. of poor in millions Financial access percentage (2007) $ 1 a day (%) $ 2 a day (%) Poverty Line Peoples republic of Bangladesh 85 36 82.8 45 147.37 122 32 Republic of Indonesia 41 7.5 52.4 17.8 245.45 128.6 40 Republic of Turkey 21 3.4 18.7 20 70.41 13.2 49 Impact of microfinance in household and community level components According to study of Chowdhury Bhuiya (2004) the wider impacts of BRAC (Bangladesh Rural and Advancement Committee) poverty alleviation program found that there was a positive impact on living standard as the survival rate and schooling of children improved. The Impact of microcredit on borrowers of Grameen Bank by Khandker (2003) illustrate that there was a positive impact on the households poverty reduction that availed the microfinance facility. Latif (2001) in his study on the effects of microcredit on the household saving of Bangladeshi borrowers concluded that saving-income ratio was significantly higher for the customers of microfinance as compared to poor who were not participants of microfinance institutes. Another research conducted by Zaman (2001) on the Impact of microcredit on poverty and vulnerability found that there is positive impact on income and decision making capability of poor using microfinance. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (2001) researched on the Impact of microcredit on savings and informal borrowings discussed that microcredit increased savings and this was more prominent in women than men. Hakim (2000) in the study Impact of microfinance program highlighted the higher social relations and mobility among women clients and the positive impact of microfinance on asset-ownership. Mosley and Hulme (1998) studied the possible conflict between growth and poverty alleviation. Their main finding is that the income and assets of the borrowers had increased due microcredit. Halder (1998) in the research identification of the poorest and the impact of credit on them asserted that the members of BRAC (Bangladesh Rural and Advancement Committee) consumed high calories as compared to non-members. Pitt and Khandaker (1996) explained in their study the Impact of microcredit on borrowers of BRAC, BRDB (Bangladesh Rural Development Board) and Grameen Bank that there was positive impact in women employment, total per capita weekly expenditure and womens non-land assets. Villagers attitude and other behaviors can be changed through credit programs. (The Challenge of Poverty and Mapping out Solutions: Requisite Paradigm Shift from a Problem-Solving and Islamic Perspective Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq) M.A.Hamid (no date) found in his research that from 200 customers of Grameen Bank 46 were willing to join the Islamic bank of Bangladesh limited and one of the three main reasons was that this Islamic bank will provide services of microfinance within the limits of Islamic Shariah and Grameen Bank will not. Microfinance has a very essential role to play in development according to proponents of microfinance. As per UNCDF (2004) studies microfinance plays three vital roles in improvement. First of all it helps needy people to fulfill their basic needs and protect against hazards and is also related with up gradation of household economic welfare and lastly it motivates women by their participation in economy and also encourage equality. Results of a research on monitoring and evaluation of PKSF (Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation) (2005) sponsored microfinance programs shows that absolute poverty decreased by 9% and moderate poverty reduced by 5% through 1997 to 2000. Amin et al. (2003) in his study the Impact of microcredit on clients of Grameen Bank, BRAC and ASA concluded that Microcredit program was successful in reaching poor Objective of microfinance according to Otero (1999) is not just about providing capital to the poor or fight against poverty on an individual level but it also has a responsibility on an institutional level. It seeks to create organizations that can provide their financial services to the poor, who are continuously ignored by the formal sector. According to Littlefield and Rosenberg (2004) study people that are below poverty line are not part of financial services sector of the economy so thats why microfinance institutions have established to provide solution to these issues. MFIs become a major part of financial sector of country by providing these services to poor people and hence it can also access capital markets for the funding of their lending portfolios. (Otero, 1999) The overall collision of microfinance can be analyzed on three things including level, type and its variable. Level defines its depth that on which level it has affected the target market whereas type of impact examines how it has benefited the people along with the impact variables as mentioned in fig. 2. Impact of microfinance on household can be accessed on two levels household and community through its types by considering its different variables. It can be scrutinize through income, education, empowerment and other social things as well. Level s of Impact Types of Impact Impact Variable Economic Variables: Income Household Assets Housing Access to food Human Capital: Education Health Confidence Skills Empowerment Social Capital: Social Networks Social Mobility Household Community Social Economic Figure: 2 Impact of Microfinance in House hold and community level Source: Eoin Wrenn, 2005 2.4 Challenges for Microfinance The achievement in microfinance in the world has been impressive relative to the status in the 1970s. However, a number of major problems remain. 2.4.1Policy development environment for financial sectors programs The policy environment for microfinance in many countries still remains unfavorable for sustainable growth in microfinance operations. For example, in countries such as Peoples Republic of China, Thailand, and Viet Nam, the ceilings on interest rates limit the ability of MFIs to provide increased and continuing access to an increasing segment of the excluded households. 2.4.2Inadequate financial infrastructure It is another major problem in the world. Financial infrastructure includes legal, information, and regulatory and supervisory systems for financial institutions and markets. Most governments have not focused to build financial infrastructure that supports, strengthens, and ensures the sustainability of such institutions or programs and promotes participation of private sector institutions in microfinance. The other major financial infrastructure-related problems include lack of: A legal framework conducive for emergence and sustainable growth of small-scale financial institutions, Regulatory and supervisory systems for microfinance in countries where the microfinance subsector is approaching a level of maturity, and Emphasis on development of accounting and auditing practices and professions 2.4.3Limitation of retail level institutional capacity Most retail level institutions do not have adequate capacity to expand the scope and outreach of services on a sustainable basis to most of the potential clients. Lack capacity to leverage funds, Are unable to provide a range of products and services compatible with the potential clients characteristics. Do not have an adequate network. (Source: Finance for Poor: Microfinance development Strategy, ADB website, 2000) 2.5 Islamic Microfinance According to Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani( no date) , from years Muslims are trying to frame their style of living according to Islam thats why they restrict themselves within the limits of Shariah which on the basis of Islam prohibits the practice of Riba or interest in any of the financial or trade activities. According to Dr. Abbas Mirakhor, Executive Director of the IMF as referred by Chaudhri (2006) An important function of Islamic finance that is seldom noted à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is the ability of Islamic finance to provide the vehicle for financial and economic empowerment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to convert dead capital into income generating assets to financially and economically empower the poor Islamic Microfinance is the way of financing to the underserved population without using the concept of interest. Microfinance is already more structurally aligned to applying Islamic equity financing structures. As microfinance programs are based on group sharing of risk and personal guarantee while maintenance of trust and honesty is tied to the availability of future funds. 2.5.1 Importance of Islamic Microfinance In his famous book Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that participation in religious sects could potentially convey two economic advantages to adherents. The first could be seen as a reputational signal while the poor might look alike to potential employers, lenders, and customers, membership in a specific group could convey a reduction in risk associated with the particular individual and ultimately improve the efficient allocation of resources. Second, religious groups could also provide for extra-legal means of establishing trust and sanctioning miscreants in intra group transactions, again reducing uncertainty and improving efficiency, especially where civil remedies for failure to uphold contracts were weak. (Case study: Islamic microfinance and socially responsible investment Anderson and Noland, 1988). Islamic finance techniques could give thousands of entrepreneurial poor the access to microfinance an option they might not consider if traditional, interest-based commercial loans were offered. More experimentation and practice in the field should contribute to more knowledge and a better understanding of effective loan delivery mechanisms using Islamic banking principles (Muhammad Ramzan, 1996). 2.5.2 Islamic approach to poverty alleviation All principles or laws in Islam owe their origin to its holy book the Quran and the sayings and deeds of its Prophet (peace be upon him) encapsulated in books of Hadith. A saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him) forcefully drives home the central message of Islam regarding poverty: Poverty is almost like disbelief in God.. On another occasion, the Prophet (peace be upon him) is reported to have said Allah! I seek refuge with you from the affliction of poverty (Soruce: Sahih Bukhari: read, study, search online Volume 8, Book 75, Number 379). Islam views poverty to be a curse to be eradicated through productive efforts. Poverty is in conflict with enrichment of self (nafs), which is one of the primary objectives (maqasid) of Shariah. Islamic jurists have unanimously held the view that it is the collective obligation (fardkifayah) of a Muslim society to take care of the basic needs of the poor. (Obaidullah, Muhammed (2008) 2.5.2.1Charity Charity occupies a central position in the Islamic scheme of poverty alleviation. The broad term for charity in Islam is Sadaqa. When compulsorily mandated on an eligible Muslim, Sadaqa is called Zakah. When Sadaqa results in flow of benefits that are expected to be stable and permanent (such as, through endowment of a physical property), it is called Sadaq-e-jariya or Waqf. Establish Prayer and dispense the Purifying Alms (Zakat) and bow in worship with those who bow (Al-Quran, (2:43)) The research paper by Professor Habib Ahmed (no date) asserts that Zakah play an important role in eliminating poverty and a significant impact of Zakah can be seen if the macroeconomic policies are in the alignment with poverty reduction objective. Zakah is the third among five pillars of Islam and payment of zakah is an obligation on the wealth and production of every Muslim. The primary issue with a zakah or sadaqa-based solution to the challenge of poverty is the issue of sustainability. Funds mobilized through these tools tend to fluctuate from time to time and may not lend themselves to careful planning and implementation. Further, these funds are meant mostly for the extremely poor and function as a safety net for meeting their immediate and basic needs. Benefits from waqf, assets are of course, meant to flow to the community at large and also on a sustainable basis (M U Chapra, 2008).It has been In FY 2009, approximately Rupees 150 billion were paid by people in Pakistan in charity, of which 90 percent was for the purpose of paying Zakat. (Dawn, September, 7, 2009) According to Dr Mohammad Omar Farooq people when pay Zakah should be concerned with its impact on the society in the long or short term to get the solutions for poverty alleviation. In another research conducted by Nafis Alam (no date) states in his study Islamic venture philanthropy: a tool for community development that Islamic charities are significant influential tool for sustainable community development. 2.5.3 Islamic Microfinance Products Islamic approach to poverty alleviation is a composite of a mission based and market-based interventions. Islamic Microfinance need not be restricted to not-for-profit modes alone. Islam permits for-profit trade and creation of wealth. It depends on the customer that what he/she wants to do with the money either needs just security of the money against which he/she may not claim the profit or wants to invest the money and share both profit and loss. The poor need a range of microfinance services, such as, micro-savings, micro-credit, micro-equity, micro-Takaful and micro-remittance. In the context of mainstream Islamic finance, people come across a host of for-profit modes through which such services may be provided to the poor. These could be used for microfinance with minor modifications wherever needed (Obaidullah, 2008). Micro-Savings Micro-savings is a critical financial service for poor and excluded households. Poor people want secure, convenient deposit services that allow for small balances and transactions and offer easy access to their funds. However, microfinance institutions across the globe tend to neglect this product while giving undue importance to micro-credit. The contract underlying a savings product must be free from elements of Riba and Gharar. This constitutes one of the most well known Islamic products, consisting in a cost-plus profit financing transaction in which a tangible asset is purchased by an Islamic institution at the request of its customer from a supplier. The Islamic institution then sells the asset to its customer on a deferred sale basis with a markup reflecting the institutions profit Various contractual options for designing savings products are: wadia, qard hasan and Mudarabah (Obaidullah, 2008). Micro-Credit The Islamic alternative to interest-based conventional loan is trade based or lease-based credit that permits the ownership and/or use of commodities or physical assets needed for productive ente

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Commentary On The Road Not Tak :: essays research papers

The poem is basically about a person who has at some point in his life been posed with a question of which path to take. Obviously, there would be a dilemma on his part and the poem revolves around his decision. Frost’s narrative style has lent itself to a certain amount of ambiguity in what he is trying to convey. This ambiguity that Frost has left the reader to contemplate is basically divided into two schools of thought. The first is that Frost has a regret for the choice that he has made and he is relating the hardships of that choice to the reader. The alternative is that he is simply trying to make a statement about life and harbors no regret towards the choice that he has made. The first theme to be considered is that of Frost’s analogy of one’s life being put onto some sort of timeline and he has used roads to illustrate the idea of many possibilities. The use of nature in the same line â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood† gives an almost organic-like appeal. This helps us to integrate roads into the natural environment and it gives an impression that the decisions that we have to make are natural. The divergence of the two roads into the same place (a yellow wood) symbolises Frost’s departure into the real world (because of the singularity in â€Å"wood†). This could mean that the wood is being compared to the â€Å"unknown† world. Again, in the first stanza there is the start of the ambiguity in the very colour of the wood. A strong believer in the view that Frost has given a regretful tone to the poem will point out that there is a significance in the very colour of the wood. This is because yellow represe nts autumn time where the stigma is that everything around him is dying and because of life he still has to continue. Furthermore, there is the inclusion of the second line â€Å"And sorry I could not travel both†. This could mean that he is regretful because he will never know what the other path offered. On the other hand it could also be interpreted that it is plain curiosity which has led him to say this, not any regret for what he has failed to do. Frost has used a clever illustration of the continuance of these roads to depict the uncertainty that life holds.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Miranda Assignment

Miranda warnings are based on the U.S. Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court initially laid down this principle in the case of Miranda v. Arizona (384 U.S. 436) and was affirmed in the case of U.S. v Charles Dickerson (530 U.S. 428) that the Miranda warnings are guarantees to ensure the protection of the rights of the criminal suspect during police investigations. These constitutional rights refer to the right to have counsel, the right against self incrimination and a general basic right to due process (Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478) .The criminal suspect is supposed to be informed and advised of his constitutional rights by reading to him the Miranda warnings during custodial investigation or interrogation (Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436). Custodial investigation is defined as â€Å"questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person is taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his or her freedom in any significant way† (West's Encyclopedia of American L aw, 1998).The rationale for this is the fact that in custodial investigations there is the tendency of law enforcement or police officers to coerce the criminal suspect. There is also the likelihood for the criminal suspect by reason of fear during the antagonistic environment, to lie to defend himself or admit to the commission of the offense or criminal act being investigated. The Miranda warnings are supposed to protect the suspect from being intimidated and making forced confessions by reason of the strategies that may be employed by the law enforcement officers [Illinois v. Perkins, 496 U.S. 292 (1990)].The Court interpreted the meaning of ‘custody’ as one which restricts the physical movement of the suspect (Orozco v. Texas, 394 U.S. 324). It may also occur even if the inquiry or interview is non-confrontational [Oregon v. Mathiason, 429 U.  S. 492 (1977)}.In the instant case, Police Officer Watson should have advised the suspect of the Miranda warnings before h e asked him questions. The suspect is deemed to be under custodial interrogation already even if at the time Officer Watson asked the question, they are not in the police station yet. The custodial investigation is deemed to have commenced when Officer Watson started to ask the suspect.As the court ruled in the case of Orozco v. Texas, a criminal suspect is deemed to be under custody even if he is in the comfort of his own home when his freedom of movement is restricted (Orozco v. Texas, 394 U.S. 324). It is noteworthy to point out as well that Officer Watson failed to inform the suspect of his rights when he was brought to the police station for interrogation. Consequently, the statements made by the suspect shall be deemed inadmissible against him during trial except to impeach his own testimony in consonance with the exclusionary rule doctrine (Walder v. United States, 347 U.S. 62 (1954).Under the probable cause doctrine, the Miranda warnings are no longer necessary. Law enforcem ent officers are required by law to have probable cause before arresting a suspect. Probable cause is defined as â€Å"a level of reasonable belief, based on facts that can be articulated, that is required to sue a person in civil court or to arrest and prosecute a person in criminal court† (West's Encyclopedia of American Law, 1998).The suspect’s answer to the first question of Officer Watson cannot affect the admissibility of confession because there was lack of coercion to force the suspect in making such a statement. The important factor to be determined is whether the suspect made his statement knowingly and voluntarily, a doctrine enunciated by the Court in the case of Oregon v. Elstad [Oregon v. Elstad, 470 U.S. 298 (1985)].ReferencesDickerson v. U.S., 530 U.S. 428. Retrieved on April 15, 2008, from                   http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/530/428.htmlEscobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478. Retrieved on April 15, 2008, fromhttp://cas elaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/378/478.htmlIllinois v. Perkins, 496 U.S. 292 (1990). Retrieved on April 15, 2008, fromhttps://www.oyez.org/cases/1989/88-1972

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on The Godfather Review

Mario Puzo has clearly written a masterpiece! This is honestly my favorite book. I’m not exactly an avid book reader because not many books can keep me focused for long periods of time. This book was an exception. I don’t know if it was because of the suspense, or if it was the lessons that were taught. This masterpiece is about how an organized crime family transforms after the death of Don Vito Corleone. Don Vito Corleone was the most powerful leader in the mafia underworld. He started from scratch and received all of his power from his showing of respect and his ruthlessness. Along with having a powerful crime family, he also had other ventures in gambling. He refused to let his family business go into something as dirty as prostitution or drugs. After he turned down a business proposal from a powerful drug lord, he found himself starring down a couple of .50 calibers. Even though he survived the assassination attempt, his power in the family slowly faded off. He knew his time was coming and he wasn’t sure which of his three sons would have the total package to take over the family business. Sonny Corleone was the oldest of Don Vitos sons. He took over for a minimal time, but was way too aggressive and didn’t exactly think things through well enough. Then there was Freddy, or as he was called by friends, Fredo. He was the middle son and probably followed his fathers word the best. He looked at his father as more powerful than God. But Fredo was too timid. He didn’t have the aggressive side it took to lead a powerful organization. Michael Corleone was the youngest of the three. He was kind of the black sheep in the family. He was the only one to refuse his fathers direction. He went to an Ivy League school and also joined the army. Both of these were against his father’s word. But Michael was the only one that had the character, intelligence and total respect from everyone in the Coleone family business. He also had just... Free Essays on The Godfather Review Free Essays on The Godfather Review Mario Puzo has clearly written a masterpiece! This is honestly my favorite book. I’m not exactly an avid book reader because not many books can keep me focused for long periods of time. This book was an exception. I don’t know if it was because of the suspense, or if it was the lessons that were taught. This masterpiece is about how an organized crime family transforms after the death of Don Vito Corleone. Don Vito Corleone was the most powerful leader in the mafia underworld. He started from scratch and received all of his power from his showing of respect and his ruthlessness. Along with having a powerful crime family, he also had other ventures in gambling. He refused to let his family business go into something as dirty as prostitution or drugs. After he turned down a business proposal from a powerful drug lord, he found himself starring down a couple of .50 calibers. Even though he survived the assassination attempt, his power in the family slowly faded off. He knew his time was coming and he wasn’t sure which of his three sons would have the total package to take over the family business. Sonny Corleone was the oldest of Don Vitos sons. He took over for a minimal time, but was way too aggressive and didn’t exactly think things through well enough. Then there was Freddy, or as he was called by friends, Fredo. He was the middle son and probably followed his fathers word the best. He looked at his father as more powerful than God. But Fredo was too timid. He didn’t have the aggressive side it took to lead a powerful organization. Michael Corleone was the youngest of the three. He was kind of the black sheep in the family. He was the only one to refuse his fathers direction. He went to an Ivy League school and also joined the army. Both of these were against his father’s word. But Michael was the only one that had the character, intelligence and total respect from everyone in the Coleone family business. He also had just...